Baobab Tree in Mannar: Said to be the largest Trunk in Sri Lanka

The Baobab tree, known for its unique appearance and immense size, is native to Africa, Madagascar, and Australia. Referred to by various names such as biobab, boab, bottle tree, upside-down tree, and monkey bread tree, it has earned its place in Sri Lankan history and culture. Locally, it is known as the Ali-Gaha or Elephant Tree, owing to the resemblance of its bark to the skin of an elephant, while Tamils call it ‘Perukka’.

Historical Context
The Baobab trees in Sri Lanka are believed to have been introduced by Arabian traders. A study conducted in 2003 identified around 40 surviving Baobabs on the island, with 34 located in Mannar. Most of these trees are estimated to be between 300 and 400 years old. The oldest and largest of these, located in Pallimunei, is thought to be around 800 years old, with a circumference of 19.5 meters and a height of 7.5 meters. Historical records from 1890 describe a circumference of 61 feet (18.6 meters) and a height of 30 feet (9.1 meters).

Cultural and Historical Significance
The Baobab trees have been a point of interest for early English travelers. Sir James Emerson Tennent, in his 1860 work “Ceylon: An Account of the Island,” noted the presence of these extraordinary trees in Mannar, describing their large size and speculating about their origin. Tennent suggested that their introduction might be attributed to early mariners rather than the Portuguese, who were often credited with bringing various plants to new regions.
Henry W. Cave’s “The Book of Ceylon” from 1908 also mentions these trees, emphasizing their peculiar and massive stems. Cave highlights that while Mannar was once a significant commercial hub, its modern fame rests on these remarkable Baobabs. The mystery of their introduction remains unsolved, adding to their allure.

Current Status and Preservation
Despite being an introduced species, the Baobab trees in Sri Lanka are protected due to their rarity and historical significance. While they were once also found in Jaffna and Puttlam, Mannar remains the primary location for these iconic trees. Their continued presence and preservation are a testament to their unique role in Sri Lanka’s natural and cultural landscape.

The Baobab trees of Mannar are not only significant for their impressive size but also for their historical and cultural value. Their enigmatic origin and remarkable physical characteristics continue to captivate both researchers and visitors, solidifying their place as a symbol of Sri Lanka’s diverse botanical heritage.

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