The Basawakkulama Wewa, also known as Abhaya Wewa, holds the distinction of being Sri Lanka’s first reservoir mentioned in historical records. Built during the reign of Prince Anuradha in the 6th century BCE, this reservoir laid the foundation for Sri Lanka’s advanced irrigation network. Later expanded by King Pandukabhaya (437–367 BCE), it became a vital water source for the growing capital, Anuradhapura.

Historical Significance
According to the Mahavamsa, the reservoir was initially constructed to serve the needs of the small city established by Prince Anuradha. It was later renamed Abhaya Vapi in honor of King Abhaya, who ruled before King Pandukabhaya. This reservoir marked the beginning of Sri Lanka’s legacy in hydraulic engineering, rivaling the accomplishments of other ancient civilizations.

Engineering Marvel

• Embankment Length: 5,910 feet (1.12 miles)
• Original Area: 330 acres
• Capacity: Approximately 133 million cubic feet
• Design: A single stone-lined sluice and a protective layer of boulders on the embankment’s slopes ensured effective water flow and minimal erosion.

The reservoir was designed to store rainfall and supply water for the city and bathing needs.

Henry Parker’s Observations
In his 1909 book, Ancient Ceylon, British engineer Henry Parker praised the reservoir’s enduring design. He noted that while its capacity was smaller compared to later tanks, its construction was highly effective, withstanding over 1,500 years of use.

Purpose and Legacy
Basawakkulama Wewa served not only as a water supply for Anuradhapura but also as a symbol of the ingenuity and foresight of Sri Lanka’s ancient rulers. Its success paved the way for larger reservoirs like Kala Wewa and Parakrama Samudraya, establishing a hydraulic civilization unparalleled in the ancient world.

Today, the reservoir remains a vital part of Sri Lanka’s irrigation heritage, reflecting the brilliance of its ancient engineers and their commitment to sustainable water management.

Visit Basawakkulama Wewa to witness the origins of Sri Lanka’s awe-inspiring hydraulic engineering and explore the rich history of the Anuradhapura Kingdom.

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📸 credit to photographer